- imagery - a mental picture created by the words in the poem
- alliteration - repeating of the beginning sound in two or more words that are next or near each other
- personification - gives objects, animals, or ideas human characteristics
- metaphor - a comparison that does not use the word like or as
- simile - a comparison that uses the word like or as
- couplet - A pair of lines in poetry, usually equal length with end-words that rhyme
- hyperbole - An over exaggeration
- consonance - Using a sequence of words that have the same consonant sound
- onomatopoeia - words that sound like the noise they refer to, words that imply sound
- synonym - different words with the same (or similar) meanings
- repetition - In writing (poetry), repeating a word or phrase
- assonance - Using a sequence of words that have the same vowel sound in the middle of the word
- mood - The feelings or emotions of the reader and of the author
- form - the way the words are organized on the page (shape, stanza, line)
- stanza - Usually four lines, the way a poem is divided